Fire doors are an essential line of defense in passive fire protection systems. Designed to withstand high temperatures and prevent the spread of flames and smoke, fire doors play a critical role in compartmentalizing fire, giving occupants more time to evacuate and allowing emergency responders to control the situation more effectively. These doors are constructed from fire-resistant materials such as steel, gypsum, or timber treated with fire-retardant chemicals.

A proper fire door isn’t just about the door leaf—it includes the complete assembly: the frame, hinges, latches, seals, and hardware. Intumescent seals expand under high heat to block smoke and gases, while smoke seals prevent toxic fumes from escaping through door edges. Fire doors are available in various ratings, typically ranging from 30 to 120 minutes of fire resistance, depending on their application and building code requirements.

Strategically installed in stairwells, corridors, and exits, fire doors must remain closed (or be self-closing) to function correctly. Any compromise—like wedging them open—can nullify their effectiveness. Regular inspection and maintenance are crucial to ensure operational integrity. Damaged seals, warped frames, or faulty closers must be addressed immediately.

Compliance with standards like NFPA 80 or BS 476 is essential for legal and insurance purposes. More importantly, properly installed and maintained fire doors can save lives and protect valuable property. They are a non-negotiable element in modern fire safety design.